International Journal of Social Science & Economic Research
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Title:
COMMANDING MANDATES OF ROYAL LINE -A CASE STUDY OF MUGHAL NISHANS

Authors:
Sumbul Halim Khan, Masrat Ahmad Mir

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1Sumbul Halim Khan, 2Masrat Ahmad Mir.
1. Associate Professor, Department of History, Faculty of Social Science, AMU, Aligarh, India.
2. Research Scholar, Department of History, Faculty of Social Science, AMU, Aligarh, India.

MLA 8
Khan, Sumbul Halim, and Masrat Ahmad Mir. "COMMANDING MANDATES OF ROYAL LINE -A CASE STUDY OF MUGHAL NISHANS." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, vol. 5, no. 6, June 2020, pp. 1578-1621, ijsser.org/more2020.php?id=111. Accessed June 2020.
APA(6)
Khan, S., & Mir, M. (2020, June). COMMANDING MANDATES OF ROYAL LINE -A CASE STUDY OF MUGHAL NISHANS. Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, 5(6), 1578-1621. Retrieved from ijsser.org/more2020.php?id=111
Chicago
Khan, Sumbul Halim, and Masrat Ahmad Mir. "COMMANDING MANDATES OF ROYAL LINE -A CASE STUDY OF MUGHAL NISHANS." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research 5, no. 6 (June 2020), 1578-1621. Accessed June, 2020. ijsser.org/more2020.php?id=111.

References
[1]. Bert G. Fragner, "FARM?N", Encyclopedia Iranica, online edition, 2016, available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/farman
[2]. Mahendra Khadgawat, Farsi Farmano Ke Prakash Me Mughal Kaleen Bharat Evam Rajput Shasak, vol.-III, Eds., Directorate of State Archives, Bikaner. (henceforth Farsi Farman )
[3]. Ibid.
[4]. Nishans of Shah Alam with Old/New Numbers 248/147 and 252/156, Rajasthan State Archives Bikaner.
[5]. Sumbul Halim Khan and Masrat Ahmad Mir, Saga Of Mughal Farman - Understanding The Essentials, International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research,2019, vol.-4, Issue-6.
[6]. S.A.I. Tirmizi, Edicts From The Mughal Harem, Idarai Adabiyat-I Delli, Delhi, 1979, p. xix.
[7]. Ibid.
[8]. Nushin Arbabzadah, Women and Religious Patronage in the Timurid Empire, in Nile Green's, Afghanistan's Islam, University of California Press, 2017. p.56.

Abstract:
Nishan is a mandate issued by queen, prince, princess to Mughal nobles. It is a public and legislative document carrying seal and tughra. Generally, it had the sanction of the Emperor. The basic construct of Nishan was more or less similar to farman and manshur. The context of nishan varied considerably from exchange of gifts to devising strategies of war of succession, Kabul and Deccan campaign, internal party politics, importance of Rajput support etc. This document remains an untapped mine of information. A scrutiny of the nishans indicates that royal ladies enjoyed an exalted position in the Mughal administration.

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