IJSSER

Title: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF GENDERED STRUCTURAL RESTRICTIONS TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA
Authors: Mehr Dewan
\|\| \|\|
Mehr Dewan American Embassy School, Delhi
MLA 8 Dewan, Mehr. "A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF GENDERED STRUCTURAL RESTRICTIONS TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, vol. 5, no. 10, Oct. 2020, pp. 3050-3057, doi:10.46609/IJSSER.2020.v05i10.016. Accessed Oct. 2020. APA 6 Dewan, M. (2020, October). A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF GENDERED STRUCTURAL RESTRICTIONS TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA. Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, 5(10), 3050-3057. doi:10.46609/IJSSER.2020.v05i10.016 Chicago Dewan, Mehr. "A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF GENDERED STRUCTURAL RESTRICTIONS TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research 5, no. 10 (October 2020), 3050-3057. Accessed October, 2020. doi:10.46609/IJSSER.2020.v05i10.016.
References [1]. Ambedkakr, B.R. (1932). The Annihilation of Caste. [2]. Brooks A.W., Huang, L., Kearney, S.W., and Murray, F.E. (2014). Investors Prefer Entrepreneurial Ventures Pitched by Attractive Men. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [3]. Diochon, M., and Anderson, A. R. (2011). Ambivalence and ambiguity in social enterprise; narratives about values in reconciling purpose and practices. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. [4]. Florida, R., and Hathaway, I. (2018). Rise of the Global Startup City: The New Map of Entrepreneurship and Venture Capital. Centre for American Entrepreneurship. [5]. Financial Express. Modi’s Startup India to give funding, incubation, more to these many women-run businesses. 17th December 2019 [6]. Kay, K. and Shipman, C. (2014). The Confidence Gap. The Atlantic [7]. Khera, P. (2018). Closing Gender Gaps in India: Does Increasing Womens’ Access to Finance Help? IMF Working Paper [8]. King, E., and Jones, K. (2016). Why Subtle Bias is so Often Worse than Blatant Discrimination. Harvard Business Review [9]. Korreck, S. (2019). Women Entrepreneurs in India: What is Holding Them Back? Observer Research Foundation [10]. Mastercard (2011). Mastercard Index of Women Entrepreneurs. [11]. Mathew, A. (2019).“Making It in India. IMF Finance & Development [12]. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (2014). All India Report of Sixth Economic Census. Government of India [13]. Press Information Bureau. Udyam Sakhi Portal Launched for Women Entrepreneurs. Ministry of Micro,Small & Medium Enterprises. 8th March 2018 [14]. Sathe, G. Flipkart’s Binny Bansal’s Resignation is Startup India’s Moment of Reckoning. Huffington Post. 14th November 2018. [15]. Shah, H., and Saurabh, P. (2018). Women Entrepreneurs in Developing Nations: Growth and Replication Strategies for Poverty Alleviation. Technology Innovation Management Review [16]. Sharma, C.K. (2011). A Discursive Dominance Theory of Economic Reform Sustainability: The Case of India. India Review. [17]. Sharma, S. and Deshpande, A. (2013). Entrepreneurship or Survival? Caste and Gender of Small Business in India. Working Paper No. 228 Centre for Development Economics [18]. Soni, M. (2016). Rethinking the Challenge of Women’s Safety in India’s Cities. Observer Research Foundation Issue Brief [19]. The Wire. Govt Spent Most 'Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao' Funds on Advertisements. 8th March 2020 [20]. Thomas, A.E. (2016). Analysing the Growth of Women Entrepreneurship in India. [21]. Primax International Journal of Commerce and Management Research [22]. World Bank. (2014). Firms with Female Participation in Ownership. World Bank Enterprise Survey [23]. World Economic Forum. (2018). The Global Gender Gap Report 2018.
Abstract: Gender-equality is a sensitive and crucial aspect of socio-economic development in India. It has been found that structural barriers to employment and entrepreneurship for women not only contribute to their economic marginalization but also restrict the economic growth of India severely. Indian society has traditionally been aligned with patriarchal principles, which now manifest through traditions, culture, norms, and behavior and prevent women from gaining agency and ascending to positions of power. This paper has analyzed the gendered structural restrictions to entrepreneurship in India and determined that gender-bias against women at the part of investors and venture capitalists, unequal social expectations for child-rearing and housework, the lack of public and workplace safety as well as the manufactured confidence gap deter female entrepreneurship in India. Even though some progress has been made in promoting entrepreneurship amongst women, especially in the informal sector, this progress is caste and class exclusionary and leaves women from low-income and socially disadvantaged communities behind. Lastly, this paper has provided policy recommendations to improve existing inequalities through awareness campaigns, regulations, linkage to the formal economy, and reservation of seats in academic institutions.

IJSSER is Member of