International Journal of Social Science & Economic Research
Submit Paper

Title:
ANALYZING JAPAN’S DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS

Authors:
Manya Beri and Udhav Sinha

|| ||

Manya Beri and Udhav Sinha
Ashoka University

MLA 8
Beri, Manya, and Udhav Sinha. "ANALYZING JAPAN’S DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, vol. 6, no. 10, Oct. 2021, pp. 3810-3817, doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2021.v06i10.012. Accessed Oct. 2021.
APA 6
Beri, M., & Sinha, U. (2021, October). ANALYZING JAPAN’S DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS. Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, 6(10), 3810-3817. Retrieved from doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2021.v06i10.012
Chicago
Beri, Manya, and Udhav Sinha. "ANALYZING JAPAN’S DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research 6, no. 10 (October 2021), 3810-3817. Accessed October, 2021. doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2021.v06i10.012.

References

[1]. Parsons, Alexander J. Q., and Stuart Gilmour. An Evaluation of Fertility- and Migration-Based Policy Responses to Japan's Ageing Population. Public Library of Science, journals.plos.org/ plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0209285
[2]. Ryan, Kyla. “Japan's Immigration Reluctance.” The Diplomat, 15 Sept. 2015, thediplomat.com/ 2015/09/japans-immigration-reluctance/.
[3]. “Will Abenomics 2.0 Be Enough to 'Bring Japan Back?'.” Knowledge@Wharton, 13 Jan. 2016, knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/will-abenomics-2-0-be-enough-to-bring-japan-back/.
[4]. Jack, Dallin. “The Issue of Japan's Aging Population.” Chicago Unbound, University of Chicago Law School, 2016, chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/international_immersion_program_papers/35/.
[5]. Retherford, Robert D. Naohiro, and Naohiro Ogawa. “Japan's Baby Bust: Causes, Implications, and Policy Responses.” East-West Center , 8 Apr. 2011, www.eastwestcenter.org/publications/ japans-baby-bust-causes-implications-and-policy-responses.
[6]. Semuels, Alana. “The Mystery of Why Japanese People Are Having So Few Babies.” The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 20 July 2017, www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/07/ japan-mystery-low-birth-rate/534291/.
[7]. Tsuya, Noriko O. “Low Fertility in Japan-No End in Sight.” East-West Center , June 2017, www.eastwestcenter.org/publications/low-fertility-in-japan%E2%80%94no-end-in-sight.
[8]. Horlacher, David E., and Landis MacKellar. “POPULATION AGEING IN JAPAN: POLICY LESSONS FOR SOUTH-EAST ASIA .” Asia-Pacific Development Journal, 2003, www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/apdj10-1-5-horlacher-mackellar.pdf.
[9]. Corugedo, Emilio Fernández, and Mariana Colacelli. “Macroeconomic Effects of Japan's Demographics: Can Structural Reforms Reverse Them?” IMF, 28 Nov. 2018, www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2018/11/28/Macroeconomic-Effects-of-Japans-Demographics-Can- Structural-Reforms-Reverse-Them-46356.
[10]. Toro, Francisco. “Japan Is a Trumpian Paradise of Low Immigration Rates. It's Also a Dying Country.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 30 Aug. 2019, www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/08/29/japan-is-trumpian-paradise-low-immigration-rates-its-also-dying-country/.
[11]. Sigurðsson, Eggert Örn. Impacts of Population Aging in Modern Japan and Possible Solutions for the Future. Diss. 2017.
[12]. Bloom, David, et al. “Japan's Age Wave: Challenges and Solutions.” VOX, CEPR Policy Portal, 3 Dec. 2018, voxeu.org/article/japan-s-age-wave-challenges-and-solutions.
[13]. Matsui, Kathy. “Report: Womenomics 5.0.” Goldman Sachs, 18 Apr. 2019, www.goldmansachs.com/insights/pages/womenomics-5.0/.
[14]. Bumpass, Larry L, et al. “THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT OF LOW FERTILITY.” Taylor & Francis, Asian Population Studies, 2009, www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/ 10.1080/17441730903351479.
[15]. “Wives Do Seven Times As Much Housework As Husbands in Japan.” Nippon.com, 30 Sept. 2019, www.nippon.com/en/japan-data/h00546/wives-do-seven-times-as-much-housework-as- husbands-in-japan.html.
[16]. Larmer, Brook. “Why Does Japan Make It So Hard for Working Women to Succeed?” The New York Times, 17 Oct. 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/10/17/magazine/why-does-japan-make-it-so- hard-for-working-women-to-succeed.html.
[17]. “Cost of Education Soars in Japan While Wages Stand Still.” Nippon.com, 26 Aug. 2019, www.nippon.com/en/japan-data/h00522/cost-of-education-soars-in-japan-while-wages-stand- still.html.
[18]. Walia, Simran. “How Does Japan's Aging Society Affect Its Economy?” The Diplomat, 13 Nov. 2019, thediplomat.com/2019/11/how-does-japans-aging-society-affect-its-economy/.
[19]. Deguchi, Haruaki. “Blame Gender Gap for Japan's Low Fertility Rate.” The Japan Times, 30 June 2019, www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2019/06/30/commentary/world-commentary/blame-gender- gap-japans-low-fertility-rate/.
[20]. Roser, Max, et al. “Life Expectancy.” Our World in Data, 23 May 2013, ourworldindata.org/life- expectancy.
[21]. “Japan National Institute of Population and Social Security Research 2008.” Latest Demographic Statistics 2008, National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Tokyo.
[22]. “Population Growth (Annual %)- Japan.” The World Bank Data, data.worldbank.org/indicator/ SP.POP.GROW?end=2019.
[23]. “Age Dependency Ratio, Old (% of Working-Age Population).” The World Bank Data, data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.DPND.OL.
[24]. Lewis, Leo, and Yukio Ishizuka. “Corporate Japan Struggles to Promote Women Workers.” Financial Times, 11 Jan. 2016, www.ft.com/content/45fc28da-78d8-11e5-a95a-27d368e1ddf7.

Abstract:
In this paper, we use existing literature to attempt to diagnose Japan’s demographic crisis and proceed to discuss its possible economic consequences. According to our research, the Japanese demographic crisis has its roots in the combination of high childcare costs, along with certain cultural obstacles in Japan. The obstacles include Japanese emphasis on traditional family roles, which puts a disproportionate burden on women to take care of children, and thus face a tradeoff between home and work lives, leading to them postponing conception of children. We find that the demographic crisis, combined with issues such as Japanese aversion to migration, has resulted in a severe labor crunch in Japan, particularly in the Blue-Collar sector. Potential economic consequences of the demographic crisis and its consequent labor force effects include a drastic fall in projected Real GDP, nearly 25% over 40 years according to the IMF GIMF Model. Possible solutions to this problem include increasing migration in Japan, the introduction of Intermediate Contracts, and the promotion of “Womenomics”, a program launched by former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe.

IJSSER is Member of