International Journal of Social Science & Economic Research
Submit Paper

Title:
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS, INTENTION AND PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN VIETNAM

Authors:
Quan Nguyen Van and Bach Le Hoang

|| ||

Quan Nguyen Van1 and Bach Le Hoang2
1. Faculty of Business Administration, Academy of Policy and Development, Hanoi, Vietnam.
2. Doan Thi Diem High School, Hanoi, Vietnam.

MLA 8
Van, Quan Nguyen, and Bach Le Hoang. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS, INTENTION AND PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN VIETNAM." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, vol. 9, no. 4, Apr. 2024, pp. 1109-1126, doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2024.v09i04.016. Accessed Apr. 2024.
APA 6
Van, Q., & Hoang, B. (2024, April). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS, INTENTION AND PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN VIETNAM. Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, 9(4), 1109-1126. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2024.v09i04.016
Chicago
Van, Quan Nguyen, and Bach Le Hoang. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS, INTENTION AND PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN VIETNAM." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research 9, no. 4 (April 2024), 1109-1126. Accessed April, 2024. https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2024.v09i04.016.

References

[1]. Ar?, E., & Y?lmaz, V. (2017). Effects of environmental illiteracy and environmental awareness among middle school students on environmental behavior. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 19(5), 1779–1793.
[2]. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc
[3]. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
[4]. Bissing-Olson, M.J., Iyer, A., Fielding, K.S., & Zacher, H. (2012). Relationships between daily affect and proenvironmental behavior at work: The moderating role of pro-environmental attitude. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(2), 156-175.
[5]. Chan, R.Y.K. (2001). Determinants of Chinese consumers’ green purchasing behavior. Psychology and Marketing, 18(4), 389–413.
[6]. Chen, C-L., & Tsai, C-H. (2016). Marine environmental awareness among university students in Taiwan: a potential signal for sustainability of the oceans. Environmental Education Research, 22(7), 958–977.
[7]. Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper – CPVON (2023). Our country's marine environment is at a red alert level. Available at https://dangcongsan.vn/xay-dung-xa-hoi-an-toan-truoc-thien-tai/moi-truong-bien-nuoc-ta-dang-o-muc-bao-dong-do-645804.html.
[8]. Curnock, M.I., Marshall, N.A., Thiault, L., Heron, S.F., Hoey, J., Williams, G., Taylor, B., Pert, P.L., & Goldberg, J. (2019). Shifts in tourists’ sentiments and climate risk perceptions following mass coral bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef. Nature Climate Change, 9, 535–541.
[9]. Ellen, O.S., Wiener, J.L., & Cobb-Walgren, C. (1991). The role of perceived consumer effectiveness in motivating environmentally conscious behaviors. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 10(2), 102–117.
[10]. Engel, M.T., Vaske, J.J., & Bath, A.J. (2021). Ocean imagery relates to an individual's cognitions and pro-environmental behaviours. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 74, 101588.
[11]. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, Mass.: Addison – Wesley.
[12]. Fletcher, S., Potts, J.S., Heepsc, C., & Pike, K. (2009). Public awareness of marine environmental issues in the UK. Marine Policy, 33, 370-375.
[13]. Gkargkavouzi, A., Paraskevopoulos, S., & Matsiori, S. (2020). Public perceptions of the marine environment and behavioral intentions to preserve it: The case of three coastal cities in Greece. Marine Policy, 111, 103727.
[14]. Green, S.B. (1991). How many subjects does it take to do a regression analysis?.Multivariate Behavioral Research, 26, 499-510
[15]. Hofman, K., Hughes, K., & Walters, G. (2020). Effective conservation behaviours for protecting marine environments: The views of the experts. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(10), 1460-1478.
[16]. Jefferson, R., McKinley, E., Griffin, H., Nimmo, A., & Fletcher, S. (2021). Public perceptions of the ocean: Lessons for marine conservation from a global research review. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 711245.
[17]. Han, H. (2015). Travelers’ pro-environmental behavior in a green lodging context: converging value-belief-norm theory and the theory of planned behavior. Tourism Management, 47, 164-177.
[18]. Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., & Anderson, R.E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Harlow, Edinburgh Gate: Pearson Education Ltd.
[19]. Hines, J.M., Hungerford, H.R., & Tomera, A.N. (1987). Analysis and synthesis of research on responsible environmental behavior: a meta-analysis. The Journal of Environmental Education, 18 (2), 1–8.
[20]. Holt, D., & Barkemeyer, R. (2012). Media Coverage of Sustainable Development Issues – Attention Cycles or Punctuated Equilibrium?.Sustainable Development, 20, 1–17.
[21]. Hu, H.H., Parsa, H.G., & Self, J. (2010). The dynamics of green restaurant patronage. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 51(3), 344–362.
[22]. Ishaswini, N., & Datta, S.K. (2011). Pro-environmental concern influencing green buying: A study on Indian consumers. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(6), 124–133.
[23]. Kaiser, F. G. (1998). A general measure of ecological behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 395–422.
[24]. Koutouki, K., & Phillips, F-K. (2016). SDG 14 on Ensuring Conservation and Sustainable Use of Oceans and Marine Resources: Contributions of International Law, Policy and Governance. Issue Brief 2016, UNEP and CISDL.
[25]. Lange, F., &Dewitte, S. (2019). Measuring pro-environmental behavior: Review and recommendations.Journal of Environmental Psychology, 63, 92-100.
[26]. Liu, P., Teng, M., & Han, C. (2020). How does environmental knowledge translate into pro-environmental behaviors?: The mediating role of environmental attitudes and behavioral intentions. Science of The Total Environment, 728, 138126.
[27]. Liu, J., Zhao, Y., & Jang, S. (2021). Understanding beach tourists’ environmentally responsible behaviors: An extended value attitude behavior model. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 38(7), 696–709.
[28]. Lopez-Mosquera, N., García, T., & Barrena, R. (2014). An extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior to predict willingness to pay for the conservation of an urban park. Journal of Environmental Management, 135, 91–99.
[29]. Lucrezi, S. (2022). Public perceptions of marine environmental issues: A case study of coastal recreational users in Italy. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 26(6), 52.
[30]. Mainieri, T., Barnett, E.G., Valdero, T.R., Unipan, J.B., & Oskamp, S. (1997). Green buying: The influence of environmental concern on consumer behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology, 137(2), 189–204.
[31]. Mallick, D., Tsang, E.P.K, Lee, JC-K., & Cheang, C.C. (2023). Marine Environmental Knowledge and Attitudes among University Students in Hong Kong: An Application of the Ocean Literacy Framework. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(6), 4785.
[32]. Martin, V.Y., Weiler, B., Reis, A., Dimmock, K., & Scherrer, P. (2017). Doing the right thing: how social science can help foster pro-environmental behavior change in marine protected areas. Marine Policy, 81, 236–246.
[33]. Mckinley, E., & Fletcher, S. (2011). Improving marine environmental health through marine citizenship: a call for debate. Marine Policy, 36, 839–843.
[34]. Mesmer-Magnus, J., Viswesvaran, C., & Wiernik, B.M. (2012). The role of commitment in bridging the gap between organizational sustainability and environmental sustainability. In: Jackson, S.E., Ones, D.S., Dilchert, S. (Eds.), Managing Human Resources for Environmental Sustainability. Jossey-Bass/Wiley, San Francisco, CA, 155–186.
[35]. Mottus, R., Condon, D., Back, M., Baumert, A., et al. (2020). Descriptive, predictive and explanatory personality research: Different goals, different approaches, but a shared need to move beyond the Big Few traits. European Journal of Personality, 34(6), 1175-1201.
[36]. Ones, D.S., Wiernik, B.M., Dilchert, S., & Klein, R. (2015). Pro-Environmental Behavior. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition, 82-88, Elsevier Inc.
[37]. Ozden, M. (2008). Environmental Awareness and Attitudes of Student Teachers: An Empirical Research. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 17(1), 40–55.
[38]. Pan, S-L., Chou, J., Morrison, A.M., Huang, W-S., & Lin, M-C. (2018). Will the Future Be Greener? The Environmental Behavioral Intentions of University Tourism Students. Sustainability,10(3), 634.
[39]. Pienaar, E.F., Lew, D.K., & Wallmo, K. (2017). Intention to pay for the protection of threatened and endangered marine species: implications for conservation program design. Ocean & Coastal Management, 138, 170–180.
[40]. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 36(4),717–731.
[41]. Ramirez-Correa, P., Rondan-Cataluna, F., Arenas-Gaitan, J., & Martin-Velicia, F. (2019). Analysing the acceptation of online games in mobile devices: An application of UTAUT2. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 50, 85–93.
[42]. Rannikko, P. (1996). Local Environmental Conflicts and the Change in Environmental Consciousness. Acta Sociologica, 39, 57–72.
[43]. Reddy, S.M.W., Montambault, J., Masuda, Y.J., Keenan, E., Butler, W., Fisher, J.R.B., Asah, S.T., Gneezy, A. (2016). Advancing conservation by understanding and influencing human behavior. Conservation Letters, 10(2), 248–256.
[44]. Schultz, P.W., & Kaiser, F.G. (2012). Promoting Pro-Environmental Behavior. In S. D. Clayton (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of environmental and conservation psychology, 556–580, Oxford University Press.
[45]. Soares, J., Miguel, I., Venancio, C., Lopes, I., & Oliveira, M. (2021). Public views on plastic pollution: Knowledge, perceived impacts, and pro-environmental behaviours. Journal of Hazardous Materials Volume, 412, 125227.
[46]. Steg, L., & De Groot, J. (2012). Environmental values. In S. Clayton (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Environmental and Conservation Psychology, New York: Oxford University Press.
[47]. Stern, P.C. (2000). Toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 56, 407–424.
[48]. Tran, K.C. (2006). Public Perception of Development Issues: Public Awareness Can Con- tribute to Sustainable Development of a Small Island. Ocean & Coastal Management, 49, 367–383.
[49]. Umuhire, M.L., & Fang, Q. (2016). Method and application of ocean environmental awareness measurement: Lessons learnt from university students of China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 102(2), 289-294.
[50]. Wan, C., Shen, G.Q., & Choi, S. (2017). Experiential and instrumental attitudes: interaction effect of attitude and subjective norm on recycling intention. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 50, 69-79.
[51]. Wang, H., & Mangmeechai, A. (2021). Understanding the Gap between Environmental Intention and Pro-Environmental Behavior towards the Waste Sorting and Management Policy of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 757.
[52]. Yang, M.X., Tang, X., Cheung, M.L., & Zhang, Y. (2020). An institutional perspective on consumers' environmental awareness and pro-environmental behavioral intention: Evidence from 39 countries. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(1), 566-575.
[53]. Yeung, S. (1998). Environmental Consciousness among Students in Senior Secondary Schools: The Case of Hong Kong. Environmental Education Research, 4, 251–268.
[54]. Yoon, A., Jeong, D., & Chon, J. (2021). The impact of the risk perception of ocean microplastics on tourists' pro-environmental behavior intention. Science of the Total Environment, 774, 144782.

ABSTRACT:
Sustainable development is one of the key strategic goals for a country’s socio-economic development, and the issue of marine environmental protection is also considered an important challenge for both developed and developing countries. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between marine environmental awareness, behavioral intention and pro-environmental behavior among university students in Vietnam. Because students are the young generation that has been educated at an adult level, they have a great role to lead the younger generation, and also make contributions through both propaganda and beneficial products for the future marine environment. The author conducted a survey with 450 university students across Vietnam, and by using Bootstrapping technique through Hayes Process Macro Model 4,research results show that there is a positive relationship between awareness, intention and pro-environmental behavior, in which behavioral intention is the mediating factor between the impact of marine environmental awareness on pro-environmental behavior. The research results bring important implications for both students and educational administrators when it is necessary to provide more knowledge about the current situation and impacts on the environment through lectures; organize marine environment-themed student days as well as participate in volunteer activities and practical programs to raise awareness and promote pro-environmental behavior. In addition, student scientific research activities should also be promoted towards the issue of environmental protection so that students can discover and bring about inventions, which are applicable to marine environmental protection.

IJSSER is Member of